Chapter 2
- Understand scientific notation and how to use it. Be able to switch in and out of it, while retaining the same number of significant figures.
- Be able to count significant figures in a number. Know how many significant figures to use when reporting a measurement. Carry the correct number of significant figures through all calculations that you do.
- Be able to solve problems using unit conversions (dimensional analysis) with units canceling.
- Know at least one metric-US conversion factor for each type of unit (volume, length, mass).
- Understand how to handle square length and regular area units; same for cubic length and regular volume units.
- Use density as a conversion factor. Understand what density is.
Chapter 3
- Understand the states of matter (solid, liquid, gas) in terms of attractive forces between particles, movement of particles, compressibility, volume (fixed or not), and shape (fixed or not).
- Understand distinctions between pure substances and mixtures, elements and compounds, homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures, physical and chemical properties, and physical and chemical changes.
- Know what conservation of mass means in terms of a chemical reaction.
- Recognize units of energy and be able to convert among them (J, cal, Cal, etc).
- Understand the differences between endothermic and exothermic reactions or processes.
- Know the difference between temperature and heat. Be able to convert between various temperature units.
- Understand specific heat capacity (also known as specific heat or heat capacity).
- Be able to use the heat equation to solve for heat, mass, specific heat, or temperature.
Chapter 4
- Know the various atomic models that have been developed over time, and the experiments that lead people to imagine each new model. Greeks, Dalton's billiard ball model, Thompson's raisin-pudding model, Rutherford's nuclear model, etc. More models will come later in the semester.
- Some observations that led to the various models include the laws of definite proportions, multiple proportions, and conservation of mass; cathode ray tubes, formation of ions, and the gold foil experiment.
- Know some of the contributions of alchemists to modern chemistry.
- Know about protons, neutrons, and electrons (mass, charge, and location within the atom).
- Be able to find the atomic number, symbol, and atomic mass of elements on the periodic table.
- Understand isotopes and ions.
- Be able to write the isotopic symbol for an atom, given the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in the atom (and vice versa).
Chapter 12
- Understand heat of vaporization, heat of fusion, and how they differ from heating and coolling of a single phase (where you'd use the heat equation and the specific heat).
- Know the terms for each change of state, e.g., boiling, condensation, freezing, melting, sublimation, and deposition.
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